** Drama:
1) Drama is a composition in verse or prose to be acted on the stage. It tells a story through action, costume, setting and dialogue.
2) Drama is a composition in verse or prose to be acted on the stage, in which a story is related by means of dialogue and action and is represented with, accompanying gesture, costume and scenery as in real life.
3) Drama is a composition designed for performance in the theatre in which actors take the roles of the characters, perform the indicated action and utter the written dialogue
** The elements of drama are-
1. plot
2. characterization
3. dialogue
4. settings
** Features of Indian Theatre:
i) Earliest seeds of modern Indian Drama can be found in the Sanskrit Drama.
ii) From the first century A.D.
'Mahabhasya' by Patanjali provides a feasible date for the beginning of theatre in India.
iii) 'A Treatise on Theatre' (Natya Shastra) by Bharat Muni is the most complete work of dramatology in the ancient world. It gives mythological account of the origin of theatre.
iv) Modern Indian drama however, has influences from all over the world, as well as Sanskrit and Urdu traditions.
** 32) Features of Comedy:
i) A comedy deals with humorous story with a happy ending.
ii) A comedy creates laughter and fun.
iii) A comedy depends mostly on unusual circumstances and witty dialogues.
iv) A Comedy uses humorous dialogues and situations to give relief
** Features of Tragedy:
i) The tragedy deals with a serious or darker themes with sad ending.
ii) A tragedy creates emotions of pity and fear.
iii) In tragedy the main character mostly has a moral flaw that causes the tragic end.
iv) A tragedy evokes pity for the characters and teach moral lesson.
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* Describe in your own words the incident when Hovstad's real intention to help Dr. Stockmann is exposed.
Ans. Initially, Petra has a good opinion of Hovstad. She thinks that he is helping her father because her father is an honest and upright man. However, when he says that he is doing it because Dr. Stockmann is her, Petra's, father, he reveals his true colours. He hints that one of the reasons he's supporting her father is to get on Petra's good side. When she gets angry, he tries to tell her that she must not speak so bitterly to him because her father needs his help. At this indirect emotional blackmail, Petra gets even angrier and leaves the office.
* 'A Midsummer-Night's Dream' is one of the best examples of Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors. Justify.
Ans. . 'A Midsummer- Night's Dream' is an excellent example of a Shakespearean comedy of errors. In the play, Titania falls in love with a human with an ass's head. The play's central couples are Hermia, Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. Hermia and Lysander love each other. Helena is pursuing Demetrius but Demetrius wants Hermia. Thus, before entering the forest, both men are in love with Hermia. After entering the forest, Duck's error in identifying Demetrius,
* Write the character sketch of Dr. Stockmann.
Ans. Dr. Thomas Stockmann is the protagonist and main character of the play. He is a medical doctor and a family man. He is also the medical officer of the town Baths. He is idealistic, emotional, and motivated by the truth. Dr. Stockmann has discovered thatthe Baths in the town are contaminated and wants to instruct the municipal authorities to repair or close the Baths. He holds onto his findings and is ready to fight for the truth.
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