Novel Section

1. Chronological Order.

1) Write in chronological order

a) Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji

b) Greek Romances

c) The appearance of magazines and newspapers

d) Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales

Answer:

a) Greek Romances

b) Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji

c) Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales

d) The appearance of magazines and newspapers

2) Write in chronological order

a) Industrial Revolution

b) Drama and Poetry started fading away

c) Novel gained popularity

d) The rise of middle class

Answer:

a) Industrial Revolution

b) The rise of middle class

c) Drama and Poetry started fading away

d) Novel gained popularity

3) Given below are some novels, events and writers of Indian English. Arrange the chronological order.

a) Rise of famous Indian Trionfhtening Minds

b) Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi, Manohar Malgaonkar

c) Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Kiran Nagarkar Hub

d) Rajmohan's Wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya

Answer:

a) Rajmohan's Wife by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyaya

b) Rise of famous Trio

c) Nayantara Sahgal, Arun Joshi, Manohar Malgaonkar

d) Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Kiran Nagarkar

4) Given below are some Novels in English literature. Arrange them in their order their appearance.

The Pilgrim's Progress and Oroonoko a)

b) Ecologues and Morte De Arthur

c) Pamela and Gulliver's Travels

d) The Tale of Genji and Don Quixote

Answer:

a) The Tale of Genji and Don Quixote

b) Ecologues and Morte De Arthur

c) The Pilgrim's Progress and Oroonoko

d) Pamela and Gulliver's Travels

2. Pick out the odd element from the group.

1) Arun Joshi, Vikram Seth, Graham Greene, Kiran Nagarkar

Ans. Graham Greene

(Graham Greene is English novelist; others are Indian writers.)

2) Place, Period, Theme, Climate, Lifestyle

Ans. Theme

(Theme is element of novel; others are aspects of setting.)

3) Theme, Plot, Character, Novella

Ans. Novella

(Novella is a novel; others are elements of novel.)

4) James Joyce, George Orwell, George Eliot, Anthony Burgess

Ans. George Eliot

(George Eliot is a woman novelist; others are male novelists.)

5) Salman Rushdie, Arvind Adiga, Amitav Ghosh, Kiran Nagarkar

Ans. Salman Rushdie

(Salman Rushdie is immigrant author; others are Indian authors)

6) Jane Austen, Emily Bronte, Ann Radcliffe, Jane Eyre

Ans. Jane Eyre

('Jane Eyre' is a novel; others are novelists.)

7) Toni Morrison, Arundhati Roy, Harper Lee, Alice Walker

Ans. Arundhati Roy

(Arundhati Roy is Indian author; others are not Indian authors.)

8) Language, Conflict, Theme, Narration

ng Mindt

Ans.

Narration SSP's Knowledge Theme, Hub

(Narration is written commentary; others are elements of novel.)

9) English novel, Allegorical novel, Historical novel, Gothic novel

Ans. English novel

(English novel is not a type of novel; others are types of novel.)

10) Novella, Novelle, Novel, Novelty

Ans. Novelty

(Novelty is the quality of being new; others are origin of 'novel')

 

Email writing

Email writing for leave of absence 

Answer :

From : kkhairnar123@gmail.com

To: pasmar1@gmail.com 

Sub- Request for grant of leave

Respected sir,

Myself XYZ is studying in XI Sci. in this same college. Here I would like to request you to grant me a leave of absence for 3 days. With due respect and humble submission, I want to state that I am not able to attend the school from 3rd January due to attack of viral fever.

Therefore I kindly request you to grant my leave. I am giving the scan copy of medical prescription along with this application.

Yours truly,
XYZ
6th January'19

-------------------------------------------------------------

***Letter writing  for leave of absence**

Answer:

XYZ 

XI Science, 

Smt P A Sodha Sarvajanik M H

Sch and A M Vhora Junior College,

Navapur, dist Nandurbar 

Date: 10/08/2023

To

The Principal

Smt P A Sodha Sarvajanik M H

Sch and A M Vhora Junior College,

Navapur , dist Nandurbar 

Sub- Request for grant of leave

Respected sir,

Myself XYZ is studying in XI Sci. in this same college. Here I would like to request you to grant me a leave of absence for 3 days. With due respect and humble submission, I want to state that I am not able to attend the school from 3rd January due to attack of viral fever.

Therefore I kindly request you to grant my leave. I am giving the scan copy of medical prescription along with this application.

Yours truly,

XYZ

6th January' 2023

Expansion of idea

 

Time is money 

Time is money is a popular phrase that has become an inspiration for life for numerous people. Time is the most valuable thing in the world, for once lost, it’s impossible to recover.Time is money essay in English indicates the vital connection between time and money. It says that to earn money, one should utilize their time in the right way. It will happen only when we spend our precious time in fruitful activities that will make our life prosperous.

Time is money means time is priceless and precious. We use it for earning money but what's important to understand is that we cannot use the money to get our lost time back. Thus, it makes time more precious than money or any other thing in the world.

Book Review

Book Review

 *Name of the book*- The monk who sold his Ferrari.

*Author*- Robin Sharma.

*Publisher*- Harper Collins is the publisher of this book and it was published in 1999.

*Readership*- It has sold more than three million copies as of 2013.

Cover and illustrations- Cover consists of “Red Ferrari Car” with an illustration on it as “Everything is created twice, first in the mind and then in the reality.”

*Plot*- The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari is the tale of Julian Mantle, a famously sought-after litigator who became a Monk. After a heart attack, his high flying career was put to a stop when he was representing the case. He had two options left—ending his career or ending his life.

*Characters*- The novel evolves, in the form of dialogue, around two people, Julian Mantle and his best friend John. During a Himalayan journey which he undertook after selling his holiday home and red Ferrari, Julian narrates his spiritual experiences

*Message* that appeals which book holds- Freedom is like a house: you build it brick by brick.

Email Writing

 

Format of E-mail Writing

From: E-mail address of the writer/sender of the E-mail written : 

To: E-mail address of the receiver,
CC: address of another receiver, if any (Not compulsory for exam.)
Subject: Subject of the E-mail (in 3 to 4 words)
Salutation:

Dear,
Body of the E-mail:
1st paragraph – whereabouts and updates of the sender
2nd paragraph – purpose of E-mail
3rd paragraph – conclusion/regards to elders/love to young ones
Subscription Cheers / Regards,
XYZ / ABC / Name given

Attachments (If any) :
Name the attachments if any, such as copy of invitation cards, photographs, etc.
…………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….

Specimens of E-mail Writing

Question 1.
Write an E-mail to your friend congratulating him/her on his / her success.
Answer:

From: shalu2006@yahoo.com
To: meenul4@hotmail.com
Subject: Congratulations on success

My dear Rani,
Today’s paper is before my eyes. Your photo on the front page speaks volumes. It tells that you have stood first in the Board Examination. I congratulate you on your brilliant success.

You are the industrious and promising daughter of a hard-working father. Everyone knows that your father had stood first in the whole district. You have followed in his footsteps.

You have been burning the midnight oil. Your hard work has borne fruit. You must be feeling elated. Your parents and teachers had pinned all their expectations on you and you have not failed them. You deserve my heartiest congratulations. Please convey the same to your parents.

Yours sincerely,
Anita

Direct indirect speech

Direct speech:

It is also called straight speech or quoted speech, which is spoken or written directly in the text by the speaker, writer, or the first person, who is going to speak with anyone with him The spoken statements of the speaker normally come under the inverted commas notation, and a speaker who speaks these sentences may come like “he said/he said that.”

The speaker’s words or statements are mentioned in a single phrase pattern or direct discussion.

Indirect speech:

An Indirect speech is also called a reported speech, or secondary speech means the speech, which has spoken indirectly.

It is simply an overlook statement that is used to say about the incident that has happened in the past time.

The actual words of the speaker changed into the pastdirect-and-indirect-snd hence the reported speech of the direct speech does not come inside the inverted com

What is Speech (Narration):

If we want to describe the speech of some other people with other people in our own words, that speech is called a Reported speech or Narration.In the English language, there are certain ways to express the spoken words between two people.

The speech has two main types, Direct speech, and Indirect speech, respectively.

These two ways of narration of spoken words are also called Direct and Indirect speech, also known as Direct and Indirect narrations.

 Direct and indirect speech is majorly used in any conversations, scripts, or any biographies, etc. where one or more than one person converses with each other.

Direct speech:

It is also called straight speech or quoted speech, which is spoken or written directly in the text by the speaker, writer, or the first person, who is going to speak with anyone with him.The spoken statements of the speaker normally come under the inverted commas notation, and a speaker who speaks these sentences may come like “he said/he said that.”

The speaker’s words or statements are mentioned in a single phrase pattern or direct discussion.

Indirect speech:

An Indirect speech is also called a reported speech, or secondary speech means the speech, which has spoken indirectly.It is simply an overlook statement that is used to say about the incident that has happened in the past time.The actual words of the speaker changed into the past tense and the sentence, and hence the reported speech of the direct speech does not come inside the inverted commas.

Reporting speech:

A person who is going to report the speech or a speech that comes in the first part of the direct speech is called a reporting speech.

• He says, “He cooks food”.

Reported speech:

Reported speech is a speech that is always in an inverted comma or quotation marks.

It is a second part of the direct speech sentence.

• He says, “He cooks food.”

Reporting verb:

The verb, which is used in a reporting speech to report something in a direct speech, is called a reporting verb.

• Zoya said, “I want to go there.”

Reported verb:

The verb which comes inside the reported speech is called reported verb, respectively.

• Zoya said, “I want to go there.”

As we start writing any direct and indirect conversation, we often use reported verbs like “say, tell, ask, inform, instruct, claim, suggest, enquire, etc.”

These reported verbs, whenever used in direct or indirect speech, change into the past simple form like said, told, asked, informed, instructed, claimed, suggested, enquired, etc.

But the verbs used in a speech between the inverted commas will remain as it is.

Examples of direct and indirect speech:

1. Direct speech: John said, “You are looking so beautiful.”
   • Indirect speech: John said that she was looking so beautiful.
2. Direct: He said, “He is not a culprit.”
   • Indirect: He said that he was not a culprit.
3. Direct: He said, “she is working on this project.”
   • Indirect: He said that she was working on that project.
4. Direct: The teacher said, “Do you complete your homework?”
   • Indirect: The teacher asked if he completed his homework. 
5. Direct: She says, “She is an artist.”
   • Indirect: She says that she is an artist.
6. Direct: Sam told, “I’m not coming with you.”
   • Indirect: Sam told me that he was not coming with me.
7. Direct: He says, “she is working on this project.”
• Indirect: He says that she is working on that project.