Literary Genre : Drama

 ** Drama: 

1) Drama is a composition in verse or prose to be acted on the stage. It tells a story through action, costume, setting and dialogue.

2) Drama is a composition in verse or prose to be acted on the stage, in which a story is related by means of dialogue and action and is represented with, accompanying gesture, costume and scenery as in real life.

3) Drama is a composition designed for performance in the theatre in which actors take the roles of the characters, perform the indicated action and utter the written dialogue

** The elements of drama are-

1. plot

2. characterization

3. dialogue

4. settings

**  Features of Indian Theatre:

i) Earliest seeds of modern Indian Drama can be found in the Sanskrit Drama.

ii) From the first century A.D.

'Mahabhasya' by Patanjali provides a feasible date for the beginning of theatre in India.

iii) 'A Treatise on Theatre' (Natya Shastra) by Bharat Muni is the most complete work of dramatology in the ancient world. It gives mythological account of the origin of theatre.

iv) Modern Indian drama however, has influences from all over the world, as well as Sanskrit and Urdu traditions.

** 32) Features of Comedy:

i) A comedy deals with humorous story with a happy ending.

ii) A comedy creates laughter and fun.

iii) A comedy depends mostly on unusual circumstances and witty dialogues.

iv) A Comedy uses humorous dialogues and situations to give relief

** Features of Tragedy:

i) The tragedy deals with a serious or darker themes with sad ending.

ii) A tragedy creates emotions of pity and fear.

iii) In tragedy the main character mostly has a moral flaw that causes the tragic end.

iv) A tragedy evokes pity for the characters and teach moral lesson.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

* Describe in your own words the incident when Hovstad's real intention to help Dr. Stockmann is exposed.

Ans. Initially, Petra has a good opinion of Hovstad. She thinks that he is helping her father because her father is an honest and upright man. However, when he says that he is doing it because Dr. Stockmann is her, Petra's, father, he reveals his true colours. He hints that one of the reasons he's supporting her father is to get on Petra's good side. When she gets angry, he tries to tell her that she must not speak so bitterly to him because her father needs his help. At this indirect emotional blackmail, Petra gets even angrier and leaves the office.

*  'A Midsummer-Night's Dream' is one of the best examples of Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors. Justify.

 Ans.   . 'A Midsummer- Night's Dream' is an excellent example of a Shakespearean comedy of errors. In the play, Titania falls in love with a human with an ass's head. The play's central couples are Hermia, Lysander, Helena and Demetrius. Hermia and Lysander love each other. Helena is pursuing Demetrius but Demetrius wants Hermia. Thus, before entering the forest, both men are in love with Hermia. After entering the forest, Duck's error in identifying Demetrius,

* Write the character sketch of Dr. Stockmann. 

Ans.   Dr. Thomas Stockmann is the protagonist and main character of the play. He is a medical doctor and a family man. He is also the medical officer of the town Baths. He is idealistic, emotional, and motivated by the truth. Dr. Stockmann has discovered thatthe Baths in the town are contaminated and wants to instruct the municipal authorities to repair or close the Baths. He holds onto his findings and is ready to fight for the truth. 

-

Film review: 3 idiots

 Review of The Film - 3 Idiots

3 idiots is a hindi film directed by Rajkumar Hirani and also co- written by him with Abhijat joshi. It is based on Chetan Bhagat's novel Five point Someone"

1. Characters : 

Aamir khan (Rancho), R.Madhavan (Farhan Qureshi), Sharman Joshi (Raju Rastogi), Boman Irani (Viru Sahastrabuddhe), Mona Sing (Mona), Kareena kapoor (pia).

2. Genre - Comedy/Drama

3. Producer-Vidhu Vinod Chopra

4 Director-

 Rajkumar Hirani, one of the famous directors of Bollywood has directed this movie. He has already given. several hits like Munnabhai MBBS, Lage raho Munnabhai, P.K. etc.

5. Music director-

Shantanu Moitra has added a true musical flavour to this film. The music of the songs like Zoobie Doobie, 'All izz well and 'jane nahi denge tumhe' etc.make the movie more melodious.

6. Choreography:

Avit Diaz has beautifully choreographed various songs in the movie especially the songs like 'Aal Izz well

7. The Storyline / plot :

The story revolves around three best friends trying to fulfill their parental expectations of becoming a successful engineer. It is a journey of the three youngsters trying to prove themselves in life amidst the over dominating nature of their teacher.

8. Dialogue :

The serious yet humorous dialogues in the movie walks away with the best comic scenes of the year especially with the superhit dialogue All izz well.

9. Cinematography (Setting/location)-

The streets of Delhi and the beauty of ladakh are captured by Muraleedharan C.K.

10. Message : 

The movie teaches us to always listen to our hearts and follow our passion. It passes on a message to lead our life simply the way we would like it to be.

11. Recommendation -

 I would strongly recommend everyone to go and watch this movie at least once as it motivates us to lead our life as per our wish. It motivates us to increase our confidence and lead our life towards success.

12. Ratings-4.5/05

AS SOON AS, No sooner... than

 

1)) AS SOON AS :-

• An Adverbial Subordinating Conjunction of Time
• Used to introduce depending clause in sentence
• Used to indicate an action which immediately happens after the completion of first one
• Used earlier or before noun or pronoun in the sentence
• We find minimum time gap between two different actions
• Used with Simple Present to declare future action

Examples:- 

1) As soon as I finish this topic, I will take a test.
2) As soon as the thief ran away, the policeman fired at him.
3) He replied me as soon as he got my email.
4) As soon as we had reached there, it started to snow.

5) As soon as I reached the station, the train arrived.
6) The train arrived as soon as I reached the station.
7) I will call you as soon as I finish my work.
8) Prakash started to walk as soon as he declared fit.

2)))   NO SOONER…THAN

*Used to indicate that one thing happens immediately after another

*Generally used to indicate past actions

*Rarely used with present tense

*No sooner indicates first occurred things

than indicates second occurred things

than is used to connect two sentences

*No sooner is always used at the beginning of sentence

Examples:- 

1) No sooner does the bell ring than the students start to come out.

2) No sooner did I see my father than I ran away.

3) No sooner had he graduated than he decided to settle in USA.

4) No sooner did I read the book than I became rather inspired.

5) No sooner did the students see the the teacher than they ran away.

6) No sooner did I go to bed than I fell asleep.

7) No sooner had I arrived at the station than the train came.

8) No sooner had we reached there than the rain started.

Exercise:

As soon as , No sooner … than

1) As soon as I reached home, they welcomed me.

No sooner did I reach home than they welcomed me

2) As soon as I stepped out, it started raining cats and dogs.

No sooner did I step out than it started raining cats and dogs.

3) As soon as I finish my lunch, I will resume my work.

No sooner do I finish my lunch than I will resume my work.

4) Children stopped playing, as soon as it got dark.

No sooner did it get dark than children stopped playing.

5) He expressed his gratitude, as soon as he received the birthday gift.

No sooner did he receive the birthday gift than he expressed his gratitude.

3)) HARDLY / SCARCELY / BARELY…WHEN:--

It is possible to express the same idea 

* Frequently used in daily activities

* Hardly, barely and scarcely all have a negative meanings

* They mean ‘almost not’ ‘certainly not’ or ‘only just’

* Always used with ‘Past Perfect Tense’ format

* Used to indicate two things happened after one another

* when is used to connect two sentences

Hardly/Barely/Scarcely are always used at the beginning of sentence

 

Examples:-

1) Hardly had I reached the station when the train came.

2) Scarcely had I reached the station when the train arrived.

3) Barely had he passed the exam when his father had an heart attack.

4) Scarcely had Arpita finished reading when she fell asleep.

5) Hardly had the teacher noticed him when he lost his temper.

6) Hardly had I reached there when I told Rakesh everything.

7) Hardly had I entered the garden when I saw a snake.
8) Hardly had Vipul arrived school when his phone rang.